Chapter 1 - "States of Matter" - MCQ's
MCQ’s:-
Instructions for Multiple Choice Questions
IGCSE Chemistry (0620)
1. This paper consists of multiple choice questions.
1. This paper consists of multiple choice questions.
1–20: Basic properties of solids, liquids, and gases
1. Which state of matter has a fixed shape and fixed volume?
A. Solid
B. Liquid
C. Gas
D. Plasma
A (Solid)
Solids have particles packed closely in fixed positions, giving them both fixed shape and fixed volume.
2. Which property best describes a liquid?
A. Fixed shape, fixed volume
B. No fixed shape, fixed volume
C. Fixed shape, no fixed volume
D. No fixed shape, no fixed volume
B (No fixed shape, fixed volume)
Liquids take the shape of the container but their volume does not change.
3. Which state is easily compressed?
A. Solid
B. Liquid
C. Gas
D. Liquid and solid
C (Gas)
Gas particles are far apart, so gases can be compressed easily.
4. In which state are particles closest together?
A. Gas
B. Liquid
C. Solid
D. All are equal
C (Solid)
Solids have particles packed most closely together.
5. Which state of matter flows and takes the shape of its container?
A. Solid
B. Liquid
C. Gas
D. Solid and liquid
B (Liquid)
Liquids can flow and take the shape of their container.
6. Which has the highest kinetic energy of particles?
A. Solid
B. Liquid
C. Gas
D. Solid and liquid
C (Gas)
Gas particles move fastest, so they have the highest kinetic energy.
7. Which diagram would represent particles in a gas?
A. Closely packed, regular
B. Close but irregular
C. Far apart and random
D. Touching but vibrating
C (Far apart and random)
Gas particles are widely spaced and move randomly.
8. Which statement about solids is correct?
A. Particles move freely
B. Particles vibrate in fixed positions
C. Easily compressed
D. No definite volume
B (Particles vibrate in fixed positions)
Solid particles cannot move freely; they vibrate in place.
9. Liquids can flow because their particles:
A. Are far apart
B. Are fixed
C. Can slide past each other
D. Are arranged regularly
C (Can slide past each other)
Liquid particles can move around each other, allowing flow.
10. Which state has no fixed shape and no fixed volume?
A. Solid
B. Liquid
C. Gas
D. Plasma
C (Gas)
Gases have neither a fixed shape nor a fixed volume.
11. Why are gases compressible?
A. Strong forces between particles
B. Large spaces between particles
C. Particles vibrate only
D. Fixed particle arrangement
B (Large spaces between particles)
Compression is possible due to empty space between gas particles.
12. Which state has particles arranged in a regular pattern?
A. Solid
B. Liquid
C. Gas
D. All states
A (Solid)
Solids have a regular, ordered particle arrangement.
13. Which property is shared by liquids and gases?
A. Fixed volume
B. Fixed shape
C. Ability to flow
D. Regular particle arrangement
C (Ability to flow)
Both liquids and gases are fluids.
14. Which state has the weakest intermolecular forces?
A. Solid
B. Liquid
C. Gas
D. Plasma
C (Gas)
Gases have the weakest intermolecular forces.
15. Which statement about gases is true?
A. High density
B. Fixed volume
C. Particles move rapidly
D. Strong forces of attraction
C (Particles move rapidly)
Rapid movement is a key gas property.
16. Which has particles that vibrate but do not move from place to place?
A. Solid
B. Liquid
C. Gas
D. Liquid and gas
A (Solid)
Only solids have vibrating particles in fixed positions.
17. Liquids are difficult to compress because:
A. Particles are far apart
B. Particles have strong forces and little space
C. Particles move freely
D. They have no volume
B (Strong forces, little space)
Liquids are difficult to compress because particles are close together.
18. Which state of matter has medium kinetic energy?
A. Solid
B. Liquid
C. Gas
D. Plasma
B (Liquid)
Liquid particles have medium kinetic energy.
19. Which state has the highest density (usually)?
A. Gas
B. Liquid
C. Solid
D. All equal
C (Solid)
Solids usually have the highest density.
20. Why do gases fill the entire container?
A. Strong forces
B. Fixed shape
C. Particles move randomly and freely
D. Particles vibrate only
C (Particles move freely and randomly)
Free motion allows gases to fill containers.
21–50:Particle theory & changes of state
21. What happens to particles when a solid melts?
A. They stop moving
B. They gain energy
C. They lose energy
D. They move closer
B (Gain energy)
Heating increases particle kinetic energy during melting.
22 .Melting occurs when a substance changes from:
A. Gas to liquid
B. Solid to liquid
C. Liquid to gas
D. Solid to gas
B (Solid to liquid)
This defines melting.
23. Boiling is the change from:
A. Solid to gas
B. Liquid to solid
C. Liquid to gas
D. Gas to liquid
C (Liquid to gas)
This is boiling.
24 . During melting, the temperature remains constant because energy is used to:
A. Increase speed
B. Break forces between particles
C. Increase mass
D. Decrease volume
B (Break forces between particles)
Energy breaks intermolecular attractions, not temperature increase.
25. Freezing is the change from:
A. Solid to liquid
B. Liquid to solid
C. Gas to liquid
D. Liquid to gas
B (Liquid to solid)
This defines freezing.
26 . Condensation occurs when:
A. Gas cools to form a liquid
B. Liquid heats to form gas
C. Solid heats to form a liquid
D. Solid cools to form gas
A (Gas to liquid)
Condensation occurs when a gas cools.
27. Which change of state is exothermic?
A. Melting
B. Boiling
C. Evaporation
D. Freezing
D (Freezing)
Freezing releases heat (exothermic).
28 .Sublimation is the change from:
A. Solid to liquid
B. Liquid to gas
C. Solid to gas
D. Gas to solid
C (Solid to gas)
Sublimation skips the liquid state.
29. Which substance undergoes sublimation?
A. Sodium chloride
B. Iodine
C. Water
D. Copper
B (Iodine)
Iodine sublimes when heated.
30. Which process occurs at any temperature?
A. Boiling
B. Freezing
C. Evaporation
D. Melting
C (Evaporation)
Evaporation happens at all temperatures.
31. Evaporation causes cooling because:
A. Particles lose energy
B. High-energy particles escape
C. Temperature increases
D. Pressure increases
B (High-energy particles escape)
Remaining particles have lower average energy → cooling.
32. Boiling occurs when:
A. Surface particles escape
B. Vapour pressure equals atmospheric pressure
C. Liquid freezes
D. Temperature decreases
B (Vapour pressure equals atmospheric pressure)
This defines boiling.
33. Which factor does NOT affect the evaporation rate?
A. Temperature
B. Surface area
C. Wind speed
D. Volume of liquid
D (Volume of liquid)
Evaporation depends on surface area, temperature, wind, and humidity.
34. Increasing temperature increases evaporation because:
A. Particles move more slowly
B. More particles have enough energy
C. Forces increase
D. Volume decreases
B (More particles have enough energy)
Higher temperature increases kinetic energy.
35. Condensation involves particles:
A. Gaining energy
B. Moving faster
C. Losing energy
D. Spreading out
C (Lose energy)
Particles slow down during condensation.
36. Freezing point is the temperature at which:
A. Solid melts
B. Liquid boils
C. Liquid changes to solid
D. Gas changes to liquid
C (Liquid changes to solid)
This is the freezing point definition.
37. Which change of state absorbs heat?
A. Freezing
B. Condensation
C. Melting
D. Gas to liquid
C (Melting)
Melting absorbs heat (endothermic).
38. What happens to particle spacing during boiling?
A. Decreases
B. Stays the same
C. Increases
D. Becomes fixed
C (Increases)
Particles spread further apart when boiling.
39. Why does evaporation occur only at the surface?
A. Strong forces inside
B. Particles inside lack energy
C. Surface particles escape easily
D. Temperature is higher inside
C (Surface particles escape easily)
Only surface particles can leave the liquid.
40. Which process releases heat energy?
A. Melting
B. Boiling
C. Evaporation
D. Condensation
D (Condensation)
Condensation releases latent heat.
41 . During boiling, bubbles contain:
A. Air
B. Steam
C. Liquid
D. Oxygen
B (Steam)
Boiling bubbles contain the gas of the liquid itself.
42. Which change is reversible?
A. Burning
B. Rusting
C. Melting
D. Cooking
C (Melting)
Melting is a physical, reversible change.
43. What happens to particles during condensation?
A. Gain energy and spread
B. Lose energy and come closer
C. Stop moving
D. Become fixed
B (Lose energy, come closer)
Condensation reduces kinetic energy.
44. Why does sweat evaporate faster on a windy day?
A. Higher pressure
B. Higher humidity
C. Wind removes vapour
D. Lower temperature
C (Wind removes vapour)
This maintains a concentration gradient.
45. Which change of state needs heat energy?
A. Gas to liquid
B. Liquid to solid
C. Solid to liquid
D. Gas to solid
C (Solid to liquid)
Energy is required to overcome attractions.
46. Which term describes liquid turning into gas below the boiling point?
A. Boiling
B. Sublimation
C. Evaporation
D. Freezing
C (Evaporation)
Occurs below the boiling point.
47. Why does boiling temperature stay constant?
A. No energy supplied
B. Energy breaks bonds
C. Particles stop moving
D. Pressure decreases
B (Energy breaks bonds)
Temperature stays constant.
48. Which factor increases evaporation fastest?
A. Small surface area
B. Low temperature
C. Strong wind
D. High humidity
C (Strong wind)
Wind increases the evaporation rate.
49. Which change of state occurs when heat is removed?
A. Melting
B. Boiling
C. Freezing
D. Evaporation
C (Freezing)
Occurs when heat is removed.
50. Which statement about boiling is correct?
A. Occurs at any temperature
B. Occurs only atthe surface
C. Occurs throughout the liquid
D. Causes cooling
C (Occurs throughout liquid)
Boiling happens at all depths.
51–80: Gas behaviour & kinetic theory
51. Gas pressure is caused by:
A. Particle weight
B. Particle collisions
C. Gravity
D. Particle attraction
B (Particle collisions)
Gas pressure is due to collisions with container walls.
52. Increasing the temperature of a gas causes particles to:
A. Slow down
B. Stop
C. Move faster
D. Move closer
C (Move faster)
Heating increases kinetic energy.
53. Increasing pressure on a gas at constant temperature causes volume to:
A. Increase
B. Decrease
C. Stay the same
D. Disappear
B (Decrease)
Boyle’s law: pressure ↑ → volume ↓.
54. Which has the lowest density?
A. Solid
B. Liquid
C. Gas
D. All equal
C (Gas)
Gases have very low density.
55 .Gas particles move in:
A. Straight lines
B. Circles
C. Fixed positions
D. Vibrations only
A (Straight lines)
Gas particles move in random straight-line motion.
56. Why do gases diffuse quickly?
A. Strong forces
B. High density
C. Rapid random motion
D. Fixed arrangement
C (Rapid random motion)
Explains fast diffusion.
57. Which condition increases gas pressure?
A. Lower temperature
B. Larger volume
C. Higher temperature
D. Fewer particles
C (Higher temperature)
Increases collision frequency.
58. Diffusion is fastest in:
A. Solid
B. Liquid
C. Gas
D. Solid and liquid
C (Gas)
Greatest freedom of movement.
59. Which state shows the most diffusion?
A. Solid
B. Liquid
C. Gas
D. Plasma
C (Gas)
Diffusion is fastest in gases.
60. Gas particles have:
A. Strong forces
B. No motion
C. Negligible attraction
D. Fixed positions
C (Negligible attraction)
Gas particles barely attract each other.
61. Which factor does not affect gas pressure?
A. Temperature
B. Volume
C. Number of particles
D. Colour of gas
D (Colour)
Colour does not affect pressure.
62 . Increasing the volume of a gas causes pressure to:
A. Increase
B. Decrease
C. Stay constant
D. Double
B (Decrease)
More space → fewer collisions.
63. Why can gases be compressed easily?
A. Strong forces
B. No spaces
C. Large spaces between particles
D. High density
C (Large spaces)
Allows compression.
64. When gas is heated at constant volume, pressure:
A. Decreases
B. Stays same
C. Increases
D. Becomes zero
C (Increases)
More energetic collisions.
65. Which model explains gas behaviour?
A. Atomic theory
B. Kinetic particle theory
C. Periodic law
D. Valency theory
B (Kinetic particle theory)
Explains particle motion and energy.
66. What happens to gas particles when cooled?
A. Move faster
B. Gain energy
C. Lose energy
D. Spread out
C (Lose energy)
Cooling reduces kinetic energy.
67. Gas diffusion rate increases when:
A. Temperature decreases
B. Particle mass increases
C. Temperature increases
D. Pressure increases
C (Temperature increases)
Faster particles diffuse faster.
68. Which statement about gas particles is correct?
A. Fixed arrangement
B. Strong attractions
C. Random motion
D. High density
C (Random motion)
Characteristic of gases.
69. Gas pressure increases when particles:
A. Collide more often
B. Move slower
C. Become heavier
D. Lose energy
A (Collide more often)
Pressure depends on collision rate.
70. Why does gas exert pressure on container walls?
A. Gravity
B. Particle collisions
C. Attraction
D. Volume
B (Particle collisions)
This causes force on the walls.
71. Which state has particles with the most freedom?
A. Solid
B. Liquid
C. Gas
D. All equal
C (Gas)
Gas particles have maximum freedom.
72. An increasing number of gas particles increases pressure because:
A. Fewer collisions
B. More collisions
C. Less motion
D. Lower energy
B (More collisions)
More particles → more pressure.
73. Which condition causes gas to contract?
A. Heating
B. Cooling
C. Lower pressure
D. Expansion
B (Cooling)
Particles lose energy and move closer.
74 . Which has the highest rate of diffusion?
A. Solid iodine
B. Liquid bromine
C. Gas ammonia
D. Water
C (Gas ammonia)
Gas diffuses fastest.
75. Why does smell spread faster in warm air?
A. Higher density
B. Faster particle motion
C. Strong forces
D. Lower energy
B (Faster particle motion)
Warm air increases the diffusion rate.
76. Which statement describes kinetic energy correctly?
A. Stored energy
B. Energy of motion
C. Chemical energy
D. Heat lost
B (Energy of motion)
Definition of kinetic energy.
77. When a gas is compressed, particle spacing:
A. Increases
B. Decreases
C. Staysthe same
D. Becomes fixed
B (Decreases)
Compression reduces spacing.
78. Which gas property depends on particle speed?
A. Density
B. Volume
C. Temperature
D. Mass
C (Temperature)
Temperature measures average kinetic energy.
79. Gas particles collide with container walls:
A. Slowly
B. Occasionally
C. Continuously
D. Never
C (Continuously)
Gas particles constantly collide.
80. Which is true for all gases?
A. High density
B. Fixed volume
C. Random motion
D. Strong attraction
C (Random motion)
True for all gases.
81–100: Mixed application & exam-style reasoning
81. Which process explains the drying of clothes on a line?
A. Boiling
B. Condensation
C. Evaporation
D. Freezing
C (Evaporation)
Water leaves clothes as vapour.
82 . Which change increases particle energy?
A. Freezing
B. Condensation
C. Melting
D. Gas to liquid
C (Melting)
Energy absorbed increases particle motion.
83. Which diagram best shows a liquid?
A. Regular, close
B. Close, random
C. Far apart
D. Fixed lattice
B (Close, random)
Liquid particle arrangement.
84. What happens to volume when a gas is cooled at constant pressure?
A. Increases
B. Decreases
C. Constant
D. Doubles
B (Decreases)
Charles’ law: cooling → contraction.
85. Which factor speeds up evaporation the most?
A. High humidity
B. Large surface area
C. Low temperature
D. No wind
B (Large surface area)
More particles can escape.
86. Why does ice float on water?
A. Higher density
B. Lower density
C. Same density
D. Strong forces
B (Lower density)
Ice is less dense than water.
87. During freezing, particles:
A. Gain energy
B. Lose energy
C. Move freely
D. Spread out
B (Lose energy)
Particles slow down.
88. Which change forms bubbles throughout the liquid?
A. Evaporation
B. Boiling
C. Condensation
D. Freezing
B (Boiling)
Bubbles form throughout the liquid.
89. Which state has particles arranged randomly but close together?
A. Solid
B. Liquid
C. Gas
D. Plasma
B (Liquid)
Close but random arrangement.
90. Which process occurs when a gas cools below its boiling point?
A. Sublimation
B. Evaporation
C. Condensation
D. Melting
C (Condensation)
Gas cools to a liquid.
91. Why does evaporation slow on a humid day?
A. Higher wind
B. Lower pressure
C. Air already contains vapour
D. Higher temperature
C (Air already contains vapour)
Reduces evaporation rate.
92. Which state has no definite shape but definite volume?
A. Solid
B. Liquid
C. Gas
D. Plasma
B (Liquid)
Key liquid property.
93. Which is an example of sublimation?
A. Ice melting
B. Dry ice changing to gas
C. Water boiling
D. Steam condensing
B (Dry ice to gas)
Solid CO₂ sublimates.
94. What happens to kinetic energy during condensation?
A. Increases
B. Stays the same
C. Decreases
D. Becomes zero
C (Decreases)
Condensation releases energy.
95. Why doesthe boiling point increase with pressure?
A. Particles slow
B. Stronger forces
C. More energy needed
D. Volume decreases
C (More energy needed)
Higher pressure resists boiling.
96. Which state of matter has the least particle movement?
A. Solid
B. Liquid
C. Gas
D. Plasma
A (Solid)
Least movement.
97. Which property is NOT true of liquids?
A. Can flow
B. Fixed volume
C. Easily compressed
D. Random arrangement
C (Easily compressed)
Liquids are not easily compressed.
98. Which change releases heat to the surroundings?
A. Melting
B. Boiling
C. Freezing
D. Evaporation
C (Freezing)
Releases latent heat.
99. Which has particles moving fastest?
A. Ice
B. Water
C. Steam
D. Liquid bromine
C (Steam)
Gas particles move fastest.
100. Which theory explains all states of matter?
A. Atomic number theory
B. Kinetic particle theory
C. Periodic theory
D. Collision theory
B (Kinetic particle theory)
Explains all states and changes.
Thank You!
Sana Shariq
For revision visit
https://youtu.be/oP3K-JgH7Zs
Comments
Post a Comment